In this book, methods from fractal geometry are applied to model growth forms, taking as a case study a type of growth process which can be found among various taxonomic classes such as sponges and corals. These models can be used, for example, to understand the amazing variety of forms to be found in a coral reef and to simulate their growth with 2D and 3D geometrical objects. Models which mimic the growth of forms and the environmental influence on the growth process are also useful for ecologists, as a combination of simulation models together with the actual growth forms can be used to detect the effects of slow changes in the environment.

This important resource explores recent theoretical advances and modelling on fluids transport in fractal porous systems and presents a systematic understanding of the characterization of complex microstructure and transport mechanism in fractal porous media. Modelling of Flow and Transport in Fractal Porous Media shows how fractal theory and technology, combined with other modern experiments and numerical simulation methods, will assist researchers and practitioners in modelling of transport properties of fractal porous media, such as fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, mechanical characteristics, and electrical conductivity. Presents the main methods and technologies for transport characterization of fractal porous media, including soils, reservoirs and artificial materials Provides the most recent theoretical advances in modelling of fractal porous media, including gas and vapor transport in fibrous materials, nonlinear seepage flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs, mass transfer of porous nanofibers, and fractal mechanics of unsaturated soils Includes multidisciplinary examples of applications of fractal theory to aid researchers and practitioners in characterizing various porous media structures

New Scientist magazine was launched in 1956 "for all those men and women who are interested in scientific discovery, and in its industrial, commercial and social consequences". The brand's mission is no different today - for its consumers, New Scientist reports, explores and interprets the results of human endeavour set in the context of society and culture.

New Scientist magazine was launched in 1956 "for all those men and women who are interested in scientific discovery, and in its industrial, commercial and social consequences". The brand's mission is no different today - for its consumers, New Scientist reports, explores and interprets the results of human endeavour set in the context of society and culture.

Fractals: A User's Guide for the Natural Sciences explains Mandelbrot's fractal geometry and describes some of its applications in the natural world. Written to enable students and researchers to master the methods of this timely subject, the book steers a middle course between the formalityof many papers in mathematics and the informality of picture-oriented books on fractals. It is both a logically developed text and a `fractals for users' handbook.Fractal geometry exploits a characteristic property of the real world self-similarity - to find simple rules for the assembly of complex natural objects. Beginning with the foundations of measurement in Euclidean geometry, the authors progress from analogues in the geometry of random fractals toillustrative applications spanning the natural sciences: the developmental biology of neurons and pancreatic islets; fluctuations of bird populations; patterns in vegetative ecosystems; and even earthquake models. The final section provides a toolbox of user-ready programs. This volume is anessential resource for all natural scientists interested in working with fractals.

This book is based on notes for the course Fractals:lntroduction, Basics and Perspectives given by MichaelF. Barnsley, RobertL. Devaney, Heinz-Otto Peit gen, Dietmar Saupe and Richard F. Voss. The course was chaired by Heinz-Otto Peitgen and was part of the SIGGRAPH '87 (Anaheim, California) course pro gram. Though the five chapters of this book have emerged from those courses we have tried to make this book a coherent and uniformly styled presentation as much as possible. It is the first book which discusses fractals solely from the point of view of computer graphics. Though fundamental concepts and algo rithms are not introduced and discussed in mathematical rigor we have made a serious attempt to justify and motivate wherever it appeared to be desirable. Ba sic algorithms are typically presented in pseudo-code or a description so close to code that a reader who is familiar with elementary computer graphics should find no problem to get started. Mandelbrot's fractal geometry provides both a description and a mathemat ical model for many of the seemingly complex forms and patterns in nature and the sciences. Fractals have blossomed enormously in the past few years and have helped reconnect pure mathematics research with both natural sciences and computing. Computer graphics has played an essential role both in its de velopment and rapidly growing popularity. Conversely, fractal geometry now plays an important role in the rendering, modelling and animation of natural phenomena and fantastic shapes in computer graphics.

Fractals Everywhere, Second Edition covers the fundamental approach to fractal geometry through iterated function systems. This 10-chapter text is based on a course called "Fractal Geometry", which has been taught in the School of Mathematics at the Georgia Institute of Technology. After a brief introduction to the subject, this book goes on dealing with the concepts and principles of spaces, contraction mappings, fractal construction, and the chaotic dynamics on fractals. Other chapters discuss fractal dimension and interpolation, the Julia sets, parameter spaces, and the Mandelbrot sets. The remaining chapters examine the measures on fractals and the practical application of recurrent iterated function systems. This book will prove useful to both undergraduate and graduate students from many disciplines, including mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, mechanical, electrical, and aerospace engineering, computer science, and geophysical science.

This study focuses on the development and application of computer models for the analysis of various solid materials at the atomic, molecular and macroscopic levels. Many of the papers incorporate environmental effects in the computer models, including space effects such as atomic oxygen, radiation, charged ions, microparticle impacts, temperature and photoexcitation.

This book addresses issues of scattering theory and biomedical engineering, as well as methodological approaches and tools from related scientific areas such as applied mathematics, mechanics, numerical analysis, and signal and image processing.

Geophysics, or physics modelling of geological phenomena, is as old and as - tablished as geoscience itself. The statistical physics modelling of various g- physical phenomena, earthquake in particular, is comparatively recent. This bookintendstocovertheserecentdevelopmentsinmodellingvariousgeoph- ical phenomena, including the imposing classic phenomenon of earthquakes, employing various statistical physical ideas and techniques. This ?rst book on statistical physics modelling of geophysical phenomena contains extensive - viewsbyalmostalltheleadingexpertsinthe?eldandshouldbewidelyuseful to the graduate students and researchers in geoscience and statistical physics. It grew out of the lecture notes from a workshop on “Models of Earthquakes: Physics Approaches”, held in Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, - der the auspices of its Centre for Applied Mathematics and Computational Science in December 2005. The book is divided in four parts. In the ?rst part, tutorial materials are introduced. Chakrabarti introduces the fracture nucleation processes, their (extreme) statistics in disordered solids, in ?bre bundle models and in the two fractal overlap models of earthquakes. In the next two chapters, Hemmer et al. and Kun et al. review the avalanche or quake statistics and the bre- ing dynamics in simple (mean-?eld like) ?bre bundle models and in their extended versions, respectively. Hansen and Mathiesen discuss the scale - variance properties of the random and fractured surfaces.

Exploring real case studies using Geostat Office software tools under MS Windows, this authoritative reference includes chapters on monitoring network analysis, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, and simulations. The book also provides tools and methods to solve challenges in prediction, characterization, optimization, and density estimation, and presents the following key information: * traditional geostatistics methods for variography and spatial predictions * approaches to conditional stochastic simulation and local probability distribution function estimation * select aspects of Geographical Information Systems.

Telecommunications today is in the midst of far-reaching changes due to rapid development of new technologies, services and social evolution. This text models the process of change in telecommunications, and should be of interest to telecommunications engineers and managers, and IT professionals.

Neuro–Fuzzy Associative Machinery for Comprehensive Brain and Cognition Modelling" is a graduate–level monographic textbook. It represents a comprehensive introduction into both conceptual and rigorous brain and cognition modelling. It is devoted to understanding, prediction and control of the fundamental mechanisms of brain functioning. The reader will be provided with a scientific tool enabling him to perform a competitive research in brain and cognition modelling.

Designed for use in both academic and research environments, this volume addresses applications of computer modelling and fluid dynamics to biological systems. Emphasis is placed on demonstrating the important roles that mathematical theory and computer technology play in the medical arena.